The 7th century fortress and the city walls once provided a bulwark against invaders from the north. ÐоÑод ÐеÑÐ±ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑложилÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´Ð²ÑÑ ÑÑен и ÑÐ¾Ñ Ñанил до наÑÑоÑÑего вÑемени Ñвой ÑÑедневековÑй Ñ Ð°ÑакÑеÑ. Based on the true story of Jordan Belfort, from his rise to a wealthy stock-broker living the high life to his fall involving crime, corruption and the federal government. Lezgin State Music and Drama Theater named after Suleyman Stalsky. The Roman Empire was greatly interested in the town, it organized its first expedition in 290-281 B.C. In addition, Rui Gonzales de Clavijo mentioned another Iron gate that was located closer to the village of Derbent. Museum of Carpets, Arts and Crafts located in the Armenian-Gregorian church (Rzayeva Street, 7). The defence structures that were built by the Sasanians in the 5th century CE were in continuous use by the succeeding Persian, Arabic, Mongol, and Timurid governments for some fifteen centuries. The historic core of the town with its winding narrow streets survives, although a new main street was inserted. The Roman Walls which once surrounded Córdoba, Spain, were built after the Romans captured the city in 206 BC, making it part of the Roman Republic. Derbent turned into the main strong point of the Arab caliphate in the Caucasus and became the most important political and ideological center. The defence structures that were built by the Sasanians in the 5th century CE were in continuous use by the succeeding Persian, Arabic, Mongol, and Timurid governments for some fifteen centuries. The old town of Derbent was built between these two walls. All work to ensure conservation and protection of monuments within operational management is carried out in strict compliance with norms of federal and republican legislation. The only other practicable crossing of the Caucasus ridge was over the Darial Gorge. At this time, Dzhuma mosque was constructed. The phone code - +7 87240, the postal code - 368600. The most famous is the Wall of Derbent in modern Dagestan (Russia). These defense lines are known from tradition and archaeological evidence. The view of Derbent is great and the actual fortress itself is very well taken care of. From 1846, it became part of Dagestan region. Criterion (iv): The ancient city of Derbent and its defence structures are the most significant section of the strategic defence systems designed and built in the Sasanian Empire along their northern limes, and maintained during the successive governments until the Russian occupation in the 19th century. In the 5th century Derbent also functioned as a border fortress and the seat of a Sassanid marzban. The citadel is surrounded on three sides by steep slopes and has massive stone walls between 2.5 m and 3.2 m thick, over 700 m in length and 10 to 15 m in height. Derbent took a special place in Peter’s the Great plans. Moreover, the cityâs historic layout has been preserved with the relationship of the citadel, remaining north wall, and winding street pattern in the medieval town which continues to have a residential population. The Derbent wall in Uzbekistan is marked on this map, and the Himalayan mountains are North of India and run into Pakistan, it is the dark raised Area on the map. According to Anisimov, the Jewish population in 1888 was 1,671; they had 220 houses, 160 gardens, 19 shops, 1,020 deciatines (about 2,754 acres) of land, 4 synagogues, 6 rabbis, and 8 schools with 95 pupils. The modern name of Derbent (from Persian dar, âgateâ, and band, âred, communication, barrierâ) is associated with a great fortification constructed in the 5th century by the Sasanian Empire. Derbent, Russia - September 08, 2016: Gauptvahta military prison in Naryn-Kala fortress. km. It was the largest medieval town in the Caucasus with developed crafts and agriculture. Wall in Naryn-Kala fortress View of Derbent city. A total of nine out of the original 14 ancient gates survive. These buildings are owned by the state and protected under RSFSR Supreme Soviet Decree of 27.12.1991. In addition, the walls are at risk by the growth of vegetation. The southern wall of Derbent, parallel to the first, is preserved only along the upper or western part of the city and in small areas in other places. Taking into consideration the location of monuments in vast territory, the integrity and conservation of each individual component of the World Heritage property is ensured by the approved boundaries and protected territories. Its ancient name, “Caspian Gates”, was first mentioned in the 6th century B.C. In the early Middle Ages, struggle for the Caucasus was continued by Byzantine and Iraq. The article describes a Muslim grave, dated 915 A.H. (1509-10 A.D.), found near the citadel of Derbent. From the 5th century, the town rapidly grew and fortifications were constructed in order to pre⦠The walls are up to 12 meters high and 3 meters wide, and are separated by 300 to 400 meters. Museum of Culture and Life of Ancient Derbent (Rzayeva Street, 7). North West | Central | Volga | South | North Caucasus | Ural | Siberia | Far East. The first settlements were founded there in the early Bronze Age, at the end of 4,000 B.C. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus mentioned “Derbentsky pass” in the 5th century B.C. Publications World Heritage Review Series Resource Manuals World Heritage wall map More publications ... Funding World Heritage Fund International Assistance. Copyright © 2007 – 2020 russiatrek.org. Republic In 488-531, stone walls were constructed. For he is our peace, who has made both one, and has broken down the middle wall of partition between us; our. The Roman Empire was greatly interested in the town, it organized its first expedition in 290-281 B.C. A new stage in the development of Derbent was related to the invasion of the Arabs in the 7th century. The land corridor between the Caucasus Mountains and the west coast of the Caspian Sea is closed off by a series of walls. It experienced stormy historical events, attacks and destruction, decline and prosperity. Scientists and professionals who came with his escort made the first description of historical monuments. Before the mosque, there is a madrassas of the 15th century. Derbent is one of the most ancient “live” cities in the world. 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Derbent is the oldest cultural center of Dagestan Republic, the birthplace of its spiritual and material culture, it is where art, art crafts, written language, values of Islam and other world religions spread from. Derbent is located in Russiaâs Dagestan region, on the western coast of the Caspian Sea. Historically, this position allowed the rulers of Derbent to control land traffic between the Eurasian Steppe and the Middle East. De citadel, oude stad en de vestingswerken van Derbent maakten deel uit van de noordelijke linies van het Sassanidische Perzische Rijk, dat zich uitstrekte ten oosten en westen van de Kaspische Zee. In 1387, Timur conquered Azerbajan and Derbent shah Ibrahim I Derbendi was ready to subordinate to him. Autumn is usually long and warm; spring comes with a delay; winter is mild, the coldest month is February; summer is long and hot. The town was the crossroads of civilizations connecting East and West, North and South. The population of Derbent is about 121,000 (2015), the area - 69.63 sq. [9] Eastern Christian sources located Alexanderâs Wall at the Caucasian Gates, the Caspian Gates, the Derbent Pass (in present-day Daghestan), and the Darial Pass (on the border of present-day Russian and Georgia). That’s why this mosque has an entrance from the south rather than the north. The modern name of Derbent (from Persian dar, âgateâ, and band, âred, communication, barrierâ) is associated with a great fortification constructed in the 5th century by the Sasanian Empire. Fortifications combined with the medieval buildings of the old part of the city, the so-called Magalims, form a unique cultural landscape. Seventy-three defence towers were constructed, 46 of which were in the north wall. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus mentioned âDerbentsky passâ in the 5th century B.C. From that time, the population of the town was rapidly turned into Islam. All rights reserved. Two walls were constructed 300 to 400 m apart, extending approximately 3.6 km from the Caspian Sea up to the citadel situated on the mountain. Isaiah 9:6,7 For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counseller, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace⦠This is a must-visit for understanding the Movses Kagankatvatsi left a graphic description o the sack o Derbent bi the hordes o Tong Yabghu o the Wastren Turkic Khaganate in 627. Web Browser not supported for ESRI ArcGIS API version 4.10. In 2003, UNESCO included the old part of Derbent with traditional buildings in the World Heritage List, highlighting the following sites: Derbent Wall - a double wall built in the Sassanid times that completely closed the Caspian pass and went far into the sea forming a port. Post-Conflict and Post-Disaster Responses, Astronomy and World Heritage Thematic Initiative, Human Evolution: Adaptations, Dispersals and Social Developments (HEADS), Initiative on Heritage of Astronomy, Science and Technology, Initiative on Heritage of Religious Interest, Natural World Heritage in the Congo Basin, Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape, Reducing Disasters Risks at World Heritage Properties, World Heritage and Sustainable Development, World Heritage and Sustainable Tourism Programme, World Heritage Centreâs Natural Heritage Strategy, World Heritage Earthen Architecture Programme (WHEAP). Between the parallel defence walls, the city was built with the commercial sector close to the waterfront and the residential buildings near the citadel. Derbent resembles a huge museum and has magnificent mountains and shore nearby, and therefore possesses much touristic potential, further increased by UNESCO's classification of the citadel, ancient city and fortress as a World Heritage Site in 2003; however, instability in the region has retarded development.. They were networks of fortifications, walls, and/or ditches built opposite the territory of the enemies. This temple was captured by the Arabs and converted into a mosque. The town has a sea port, and a railway station on the line Makhachkala - Baku. The city's protected fortifications were built in the 5th century by the Sasanian Empire, and over the centuries the city has been controlled by Persian, Arabic, Mongol, and Timurid governments. The climate in Derbent is transitional from temperate to semi-dry subtropical. In 1606, Derbent became part of Persia. The date on the grave refers to the period of the military actions at the walls of Derbent, particularly to the siege of the city by the troops of Shah Ismail ⦠It is the only preserved monument of ancient Persian fortification architecture. Derbent (in Persian “darband” means “narrow gates”) is a city in the Dagestan Republic located in the narrow pass between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus, the southernmost city in Russia. It owes its rich history to its strategic position, along the travel route between Europe and the Middle East, on the border of Europe and Asia, where the mountains of the Caucasus almost arrive at the coast leaving a narrow 3-km strip of plain. It is affected by the Caspian Sea. The level of authenticity of the complex is high. The main attraction - the fortress complex of Derbent. The combination of unique monuments of history, architecture and archaeology together with wonderful nature landscapes and favorable climate make the whole region an important center of inner and international tourism. Derbent is situated on the western shores of the Caspian Sea, in present-day Dagestan. The site of the ancient city of Derbent has been crucial for the control of the north-south passage on the west side of the Caspian Sea since the 1st millennium BCE. Today, the Derbent Wall runs into territory currently flooded by the Caspian Sea and, according to a report by the 19th century British traveller Charles Edward Yate, so too is the âRed Snakeâ. Identified threats to the site are landslides, particularly along the citadelâs steep slopes, uncontrolled development in the area near the sea, and the looting of stones by residents for personal use. The World Heritage property âThe Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbentâ includes all necessary attributes demonstrating its Outstanding Universal Value, which are located inside the protected boundaries of its territory. This answer pleased Timur so much that he didn’t destroy Derbent, but even ordered his workers to rebuilt the destroyed walls instead. Physical evidence of Derbentâs defensive role dates from the 7th or 8th century BCE, and, since the 1st millennium BC, control of the north-south passage on the western side of the Caspian Sea has been linked to this location. La ciudadela, la ciudad vieja y la fortaleza de Derbent formaban parte del dispositivo de defensa de la frontera septentrional del imperio persa de los sasánidas, que se extendÃa por el este y el oeste del Mar Caspio. The average temperature in January is +3.1 degrees Celsius, in July - +24.7 degrees C. Derbent is located on the western shore of the Caspian Sea, not far from the mouth of the Samur River, where the Caucasian mountains come closest to the Caspian Sea and leave just a narrow, 3 km wide, line of lowland. Derbent is renown for its citadel (âNaryn-Kalaâ or âDagh Baryâ in Persian) and its imposing walls that date from the 6th century CE. Derbentâs status as a World Heritage property and a monument of federal importance under State protection allows the conservation of all architectural objects and the archaeological and cultural layers that reflect cityâs evolution. Its position between the mountains and the sea illustrates the importance of its original defensive setting. Derbent. Derbent en haar verdedigingswerken vormden het belangrijkste deel van de strategische defensiesystemen van het Sassanidische rijk. The fortress acquired the outlook preserved till nowadays. ask a question about Derbent city to our Expert, contact us by email, if you have any proposals. Stone, the primary building material for the walls and historic buildings, is visible throughout the site. Its destruction began after the Russian conquest, when the growing lower part of the city of the European type, not fitting ⦠Derbent Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve has the responsibility for the management of the buildings within the property that have been identified as monuments of historical and cultural heritage. It lies on the federal highway M29 (Rostov-na-Donu - Baku). There is a legend that says that Ibrahim I Derbendi sent Timur a gift: gold - 9 packs, silver - 9 packs and so on, slaves - 8 persons. The museum, together with the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Dagestan, effectively protects the sites of cultural heritage located on the territory of Derbent, using legal, financial and organizational measures. Today, this UNESCO site is the highlight of any visit to Derbent. In 1898, Derbent was crossed by the railway Petrovsk-Port (present Makhachkala) - Baku. The site stands on the debris of the northern walls of Derbentâs fortress. Derbent contains two walls that are located approximately 300-400 m apart and extend nearly 4 km (2.5 miles) from the mountain citadel to the Caspian Sea. Museum of History of World Cultures and Religions (Mira Street, 3). According to the UN agency, Derbent has been continuously inhabited for 2,000 years. Derbent (English) ÐеÑÐ±ÐµÐ½Ñ (Russ Peter I paid his attention at its historical monuments. Two walls were constructed 300 to 400 m apart, extending approximately 3.6 km from the Caspian Sea up to the citadel situated on the mountain. September 19, 2015, the 2000th anniversary of Derbent was celebrated. Derbent supported tight trade ties with a lot of regions and cities in Near and Middle East, Eastern Europe - medieval authors and a lot of archaeological finds witness this fact. In these sources, the story includes Alexander praying for two mountains to move together to close off the unclean nations. In the face of a $54.3 billion two-year deficit driven by the coronavirus pandemic, the $133.9 billion budget for the fiscal year beginning Wednesday will start to build that wall up again. Parts of the walls have been restored - so much so that in some cases new parts have been built to replace presumably missing bits. This article is about the city in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. Everything outside the walls ⦠In 651, the Arabs conquered Derbent, but managed to finally assimilate it just in 733-734s. From the 5th century, the town rapidly grew and fortifications were constructed in order to prevent Asia from nomads’ attacks - Turkish tribes of the Huns and Khazars. The city has a cognac plant producing famous Derbent cognacs, and a sparkling wine plant - the only plant in Russia producing sparkling wine in souvenir and even crystal bottles. Medieval Derbent was the largest port on the Caspian Sea, an important center of transit trade between East and West, North and South. The walls extend 500 m into the Caspian Sea to protect the harbour and the mountain wall continues 40 km west, over the mountains, defending the northern borders from warlike nomads by completely blocking the pass between the sea and the mountains. And when Timur asked: “Why 9 packs of everything, but just 8 slaves?” Ibrahim I Derbendi answered: “the ninth slave is me”. Within the citadel, the ruins and archaeological remains of a number of buildings are found, including the Khanâs Palace, a bath, several underground water tanks, a 5th-century Christian church, and an 8th-century mosque, one of the earliest in the former Soviet Union. It was the beginning of scientific research of Derbent. In 66-65 B.C., military expeditions to the Caucasus headed by Lucullus and Pompeus took place, one of their objectives was to conquer Derbent. The lighthouse is equipped with a lamp and modern optics whereby a signal can be viewed at a distance of 18 nautical miles. Gauptvahta military prison in the Naryn-Kala fortress. United Nations, Dagestan, Eastern Caucasus, Western coast of Caspian Sea. Its current historic layout, street patterns, and building use are supported by historical and archaeological evidence, such as artefacts, ancient writings, old maps and plans. Recent conservation and partial restoration of architectural monuments have used traditional building techniques, materials and substances that correspond to the appropriate historical period. Its defense complex impresses us with its grandeur, mightiness and power. Within the historic town, many buildings survive including courtyard houses, public buildings, mosques, baths, madrasahs, and the remains of a caravanserai. It was in the position to control the traffic between Europe and the Middle East, and shield the prospering agricultural peoples of the Middle East from devastating raids of nomadic ⦠It is not permitted to go in as it is in working order. Wall in Naryn-Kala fortress and view of Derbent city. The only wall, however, so far explored by underwater archaeologists is the Tammishe Wall. In 1735, Derbent became part of Iran again. A management plan is currently being developed. Wilhelmus de Rubruquis in describing the walls of Derbent (1254) relates that the whole country was largely inhabited by Jews (G. de Roubrouck, "Récit de Son Voyage," p. 280, Paris, 1877). It is a well-protected monument and you can only have a look at it from outside. Derbent Historical and Architectural Museum (Rzayeva Street, 7). Federal Districts: We imagine them to be impregnable, but they are in fact porous. Las fortificaciones de piedra consistÃan en dos murallas paralelas que formaban una barrera desde la orilla del mar hasta la montaña. These walls also extend nearly 500 m (1640 ft) into the Caspian sea itself to protect Derbentâs harbor. In 1840s and later, it experienced rapid economic growth. In the early 18th century, when there was a threat of Iran and Turkish invasion in the Caspian region, Peter I committed his famous Persian (Caspian) expedition (1722-1723). For the district in Konya Province, Turkey, see Derbent, Konya. This is an incredible site over 15 centuries old, set right btw the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus Mtns. Derbent's location on a narrow, three-kilometer strip of land in the North Caucasus between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus mountains is strategic in the entire Caucasus region. Built as fortifications soon after the Romans captured Córdoba, the walls stretched some 2,650 m, completely surrounding the city. Derbent is situated on the shore of Caspian Sea, at a spurs of Tabasaran Mountains - a part of Great Caucasus. Juma Mosque - the most ancient mosque in Russia. Hasta finales del siglo XIX este sitio tuvo una gran importancia en el plano estratégico. Derbent can claim to be the oldest occupied city in Russia, and it is the southernmost Russian city, lying only 50 km (31 miles) from the border with Azerbaijan. WebGL must be enable. National composition of Derbent population (2010): Lezgins (33.7%), Azerbaijanis (32.3%), Tabasarans (15.8%), Dargins (5.6%), Russians (3.7%), Aguls (3.2%), Armenians (1.2%), Jews (1.1%), Rutuls (0.8%), others (2.6%). In 66-65 B.C., military expeditions to the Caucasus headed by Lucullus and Pompeus took place, one of their objectives was to conquer Derbent. In 1239, Derbent was conquered by the Mongols and became part of the Golden Horde. Derbent prospered for over 1,500 years under Persian, Arab, Turkish, Azeri, Mongol, Timurid, and Russian rule due to its position on the Silk Road and geostrategic importance as the gateway to the Caucasus. Today, Derbent is an outstanding monument of defense architecture. In 1813, Derbent was joined to Russia. De oude stad werd tussen deze twee verdedigingsmuren gebouwd en heeft een deel van haar middeleeuwse structuur behouden. Management for the World Heritage property is the responsibility of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation with the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Dagestan, which is considered the territorial authorized executive body. Despite some loss to original fabric, including the 19th-century demolition of the south wall, much of the site has been preserved. ( Mira Street, 7 ) to move together to close off the nations. Ðеñбеð½Ñ ( Russ they were networks of fortifications, walls, and/or ditches built opposite the territory of Caspian. 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