Shaka Zulu is a truly unique events space, which quickly established itself as one of the capitals top party venues. The illegitimate son of Senzangakhona, king of the Zulus, Shaka received education and military assistance from the Mthethwa empire and its then leader, Dingiswayo. It is sometimes held that such support was used more for very light forces designed to extract tribute in cattle and slaves from neighbouring groups. Shaka's half-brother Dingane assumed power and embarked on an extensive purge of pro-Shaka elements and chieftains, running over several years, in order to secure his position. In a two-day running battle, the Zulu inflicted a resounding defeat on their opponents. Furthermore, it is believed that he taught his warriors how to use the shield's left side to hook the enemy's shield to the right, exposing the enemy's ribs for a fatal spear stab. Many said that he spoke with a speech impediment. Shaka's troops maintained a strong position on the crest of the hill. Once again, most Zulu successes rested on their mobility, ability to screen their forces and to close when their opponents were unfavourably deployed. Shaka then set out to forge the various Zulu-speaking clans into a powerful empire. Shaka was victorious in battle, although his forces sustained heavy casualties, which included his head military commander, Umgobhozi Ovela Entabeni. "[16] The throwing spear was not discarded but used as an initial missile weapon before close contact with the enemy, when the shorter stabbing spear was used in hand-to-hand combat. The settling of Mzilikazi's people, the AmaNdebele or Matabele, in the south of Zimbabwe with the concomitant driving of the AmaShona into the north caused a tribal conflict that still resonates today. This left the royal kraal critically lacking in security. At the time of his death, Shaka ruled over 250,000 people and could muster more than 50,000 warriors. [8], As Shaka became more respected by his people, he was able to spread his ideas with greater ease. Shaka’s actions became simultaneously more tyrannical, ruthless and bizarre as power concentrated in his hands. Microsoft Encarta Reference Library, 2005. He lived his early years in exile but became strong enough to wrest the crown from his half-brother. [36], The theory of the Mfecane holds that the aggressive expansion of Shaka's armies caused a brutal chain reaction across the southern areas of the continent, as dispossessed tribe after tribe turned on their neighbours in a deadly cycle of fight and conquest. Spurned as an illegitimate son, Shaka spent his childhood in his mother's settlements, where he was initiated into an ibutho lempi (fighting unit), serving as a warrior under Dingiswayo. [40] Other scholars acknowledge distortion of the historical record by apartheid supporters and shady European traders seeking to cover their tracks, but dispute the revisionist approach, noting that stories of cannibalism, raiding, burning of villages, or mass slaughter were not developed out of thin air but based on the clearly documented accounts of hundreds of black victims and refugees. Occupation: King of the Zulu Reign: 1816 - 1828 Born: 1787 in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Died: 1828 in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Best known for: Uniting many tribes into the Zulu Kingdom Biography: Growing Up Shaka was born into the small South African clan of the Zulus in 1787. A frontal assault by their opponents failed to dislodge them, and Shaka sealed the victory by sending his reserve forces in a sweep around the hill to attack the enemy's rear. Ed. Shaka Zulu established the Zulu Empire and revolutionized warfare in Southern Africa in the early 19th Century. Book chapter. It features Zulu king, Shaka Zulu, against Roman dictator, Julius Caesar. Shaka Zulu vs Julius Caesar. For in the space of twelve years, he organized an immense army of skilled and disciplined warriors, conquering and pacifying a territory larger than Europe. A monument was built at one alleged site. 1.727 doden, 256 gewonden 8.250+ doden, 3.000+ gewonden De Zoeloe-oorlog vond in 1879 plaats en was een gewapend conflict tussen het Verenigd Koninkrijk en het Zoeloekoninkrijk.De Zoeloes verloren de oorlog, waardoor het Zoeloerijk onder Brits gezag kwam. Some scholars contend that this theory must be treated with caution as it generally neglects several other factors such as the impact of European encroachment, slave trading and expansion in that area of Southern Africa around the same time. Shaka then led a fresh reserve some 70 miles (110 km) to the royal kraal of Zwide, ruler of the Ndwandwe, and destroyed it. In 1828, Shaka was assassinated by his half brothers, Dingane and Mhlangana. Shaka still recognised Dingiswayo and his larger Mthethwa clan as overlord after he returned to the Zulu but, some years later, Dingiswayo was ambushed by Zwide's amaNdwandwe and killed. A great part of Shaka's life and rule has been referenced in Henry rider haggard's Fiction novel Nada the Lily. Shaka Zulu is one of the most famous (or notorious) leaders to have graced Southern Africa in the past few centuries. Men under age … With his experience learned from the Mthethwa, he transformed his clan’s military from a largely ceremonial force into a powerful army capable of both defense and aggression. The profile and history of Tshaka King of the Zulu (a.k.a Chaka, Shaka), he was one of the greatest leaders of his time. Stuart's early 20th century work was continued by D. McK. Compiled and written by Louis-John Havemann . [37][38][39], According to Julian Cobbing, the development of the view that Shaka was the monster responsible for the devastation is based on the need of apartheid era historians to justify the apartheid regime's racist policies. Clans driven westwards into the Drakensberg mountain range were left without livestock or the leisure to plant crops, and turned to desperate, grisly means of survival in … Morris nevertheless references a large number of sources, including Stuart, and A. T. Bryant's extensive but uneven "Olden Times in Zululand and Natal", which is based on four decades of exhaustive interviews of tribal sources. As Shaka grew older, he recalled with anger his tormenting by Elangeni members. A number of historians[who?] South Africa Timeline BCE. Seinem Erfol… Those who objected to going without sandals were simply killed. In Qwabe, Shaka may have intervened in an existing succession dispute to help his own choice, Nqetho, into power. Ritter when I was a young boy. [17] Shaka drilled his troops frequently, in forced marches that sometimes covered more than 50 miles (80 km) a day in a fast trot over hot, rocky terrain. In Shaka's time, these cowhide shields were supplied by the king, and they remained the king's property. Taken aback by such candid talk, the Zulu king is supposed to have called off the destructive edicts, rewarding the blunt teller-of-truths with a gift of cattle. Shaka Zulu is a 1986 South African television series directed by William C. Faure and written by Joshua Sinclair for the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), based on … Implementation was typically blunt. The exact location is unknown. Shaka became king of the newly emerged Zulu kingdom. The hypothesis that several states of a new kind arose about the same time does not take account of the contrast between the short line of Shaka and the long pedigrees of his most important opponents – especially the coalition grouped around his deadly enemy Zwide (d. 1822). [34][35] Further unquantifiable deaths occurred during mass tribal migrations to escape his armies. William Rubinstein wrote that "Western guilt over colonialism, have also accounted for much of this distortion of what pre-literate societies actually were like, as does the wish to avoid anything which smacks of racism, even when this means distorting the actual and often appalling facts of life in many pre-literate societies". His protégé, Shaka, was quickly installed as chief of the small Zulu chiefdom and took over Dingiswayo's Mthwethwa confederacy under new Zulu paramountcy. He had a big nose, according to Baleka of the Qwabe, as told by her father. It is probable that, over time, the Zulu were able to hone and improve their encirclement tactics. Shaka, Zulu chief (1816–28), founder of Southern Africa’s Zulu Empire. He served as a warrior for six years under the reign of Dingiswayo, the Mthethwa’s chief. Though much remains unknown about Shaka's personal appearance, sources tend to agree he had a strong, muscular body and was not fat. Timeline. best ring outfit of 2015 fernando guerrero as shaka zulu! Shaka kaSenzangakhona, most commonly known as Shaka Zulu, is best known for bringing together different factions of the Zulu community, building both a state and a powerful sense of identity. The tribe emerges from uncolonized native land in 1727, with cores, bordering fellow Fetishist Xhosa southwest, uncolonized native land north and west, and the waters of the Cost of Natal (Cape of Storms area, South Atlantic region) east. As for the ruling Qwabe, they began re-inventing their genealogies to give the impression that Qwabe and Zulu were closely related in the past. Shaka Zulu Intro. Shaka claimed his father’s chieftaincy with military assistance from Dingiswayo. A small donation would help us keep this accessible to all. September 1828 in KwaDukuza, beides im heutigen Südafrika; auch Shaka Zulu, Shaka ka Senzangakhona, d. h. Shaka, Sohn des Senzangakhona) war ein König der Zulu. Historian John Laband dismisses these stories as myth, writing: "What are we to make, then, of [European trader Henry Francis] Fynn's statement that once the Zulu army reached hard and stony ground in 1826, Shaka ordered sandals of ox-hide to be made for himself? At least 7,000 people who were deemed to be insufficiently grief-stricken were executed, although the killing was not restricted to humans: cows were slaughtered so that their calves would know what losing a mother felt like. [35] Normal estimates for the death toll range from 1 million to 2 million. Shaka built a Zulu Nation that expanded over a hundred thousand square miles of land and created a military machine capable of inflicting heavy casualties on British troops and calvarymen armed with rifles, cannons, rockets and other advanced weapons. His teachings greatly influenced the social outlook of the Zulu people. 1816-1826 - Shaka Zulu founds and expands the Zulu empire, creates a formidable fighting force. Who pursued the sun and the moon. He is Shaka the unshakeable, He lived his early years in exile but became strong enough to wrest the crown from his half-brother. It features Zulu king, Shaka Zulu, against Roman dictator, Julius Caesar. Timeline of the Anglo-Zulu War by Ben Johnson. When Shaka's mother Nandi died for example, the monarch ordered a massive outpouring of grief including mass executions, forbidding the planting of crops or the use of milk, and the killing of all pregnant women and their husbands. Shaka's hegemony was primarily based on military might, smashing rivals and incorporating scattered remnants into his own army. Shaka is murdered by his half-brother Dingaan, who becomes leader of the Zulu in his place 1836 Hendrik Potgieter sets off with some 200 Boers and their cattle at the start of the Great Trek to the north Shaka King of the Zulus was a strong influential African leader and military innovator, born in southern Africa in 1787. 1826, Shaka faces Zwides son, Sikhunyane. [citation needed], Shaka granted permission to Europeans to enter Zulu territory on rare occasions. Supposedly if he killed Magaye, it would appear to be out of jealousy because Magaye was so handsome and "Shaka himself was ugly, with a protruding forehead". Confirmation of such accounts can also be seen in modern archaeology of the village of Lepalong, an entire settlement built underground to shelter remnants of the Kwena people from 1827 to 1836 against the tide of disruption that engulfed the region during Shakan times.[41]. Although he later became a tyrant, Shaka… The current tendency appears to be to lionise him; popular film and other media have certainly contributed to his appeal. The Zulu Empire begins to collapse. Zululand, at its start, is a Fetishist Nguni despotic tribe located in the Nguni area, South Africa region of the Africa continent. Forego a bottle of soda and donate its cost to us for the information you just learned, and feel good about helping to make it available to everyone! Are the points and dates accurate? Occupation: King of the Zulu Reign: 1816 - 1828 Born: 1787 in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Died: 1828 in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Best known for: Uniting many tribes into the Zulu Kingdom Biography: Growing Up Shaka was born into the small South African clan of the Zulus in 1787. Follow @DrJohnRickard Tweet. As for firearms, Shaka acknowledged their utility as missile weapons after seeing muzzle-loaders demonstrated, but he argued that in the time a gunman took to reload, he would be swamped by charging spear-wielding warriors. Certain aspects of traditional Zulu culture still revere the dead monarch, as the typical praise song below attests. His father, Senzangakhona, was a minor chief of one of the Zulu-speaking clans and his mother, Nandi, was daughter of Chief Mbhengi of the rival clan. Napier", "The Zulu Military Organization and the Challenge of 1879", "Shaka Zulu's brutality was exaggerated, says new book", "Warfare, Political Leadership, and State Formation: The Case of the Zulu Kingdom, 1808-1879", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaka&oldid=990942729, Wikipedia articles with style issues from September 2017, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2014, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from September 2017, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July 2015, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The main force, the "chest," closed with the enemy, While the enemy impi was pinned by the "chest," the "horns" would, The "loins," a large reserve, was hidden, seated, behind the "chest" with their backs to the battle, for the sake of them not losing any confidence. King Shaka was born in the lunar month of uNtulikazi (July) in the year of 1787 near present-day Melmoth, KwaZulu-Natal Province, the son of the Zulu chief Senzangakhona. He further claims that even though these stories have been repeated by "astonished and admiring white commentators," the Zulu army covered "no more than 19 kilometres (12 mi) a day, and usually went only about 14 kilometres (8.7 mi). Shaka won them over by subtler tactics, such as patronage and reward. A number of writers focus on Shaka's military innovations such as the iklwa – the Zulu thrusting spear, and the "buffalo horns" formation. Shaka kaSenzangakhona is considered as one of the greatest rulers in the history of the Zulu Kingdom. The Creation of the Zulu Kingdom, 1815–1828: War, Shaka, and the Consolidation of Power This scholarly account traces the emergence of the Zulu Kingdom in South Africa in the early nineteenth century under the rule of the ambitious and iconic King Shaka. Shaka is often said to have been dissatisfied with the long throwing assegai, and is credited with having introduced a new variant of the weapon: the iklwa, a short stabbing spear with a long, broad, and sword-like, spearhead. Shaka’s birth was considered a sin because his parents were from different clans. Nathaniel Isaacs published his Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa in 1836, creating a picture of Shaka as a degenerate and pathological monster, which survives in modified forms to this day. Shaka was the son of Senzangakona, This video is unavailable. 0:07. ... 1816 - Shaka Zulu forms the Zulu Kingdom. I again reiterate that I am not an historian but merely relate stories that I had heard as a child and stories I have heard and read about during the course of my life. Age-grade groupings of various sorts were common in the Bantu culture of the day, and indeed are still important in much of Africa. When Dingiswayo was murdered by Zwide, Shaka sought to avenge his death. The earliest are two eyewitness accounts written by European adventurer-traders who met Shaka during the last four years of his reign. Originally aired as a British mini-series, Shaka Zulu follows the rise of Shaka (Henry Cele) to the king of the Zulus during the early 19th century when the British were beginning to gain control of Africa. His power affected the whole of Southern Africa . He fled Shaka's employ, and in turn conquered an empire in Zimbabwe, after clashing with European groups like the Boers. The second major clash was against the British during 1879. Apparently there's some evidence that Shaka Zulu was also gay and that he used to f**k his soldiers. A diversion was created by Mbopa, and Dingane and Mhlangana struck the fatal blows. [11], Another decisive fight eventually took place on the Mhlatuze river, at the confluence with the Mvuzane stream. [16], The figure of Shaka still sparks interest among not only the contemporary Zulu but many worldwide who have encountered the tribe and its history. Zulu Victory: The Epic of Isandlwana and the Cover-Up by Ron Lock and Peter Quantrill (Greenhill, 2002) The Rise and Fall of the Zulu Nation by John Laband ... British History Timeline. 1828 - Shaka Zulu is assassinated by his brothers. The founder of the *Zulu Kingdom. Shaka chose a particularly gruesome revenge on her, locking her in a house and placing jackals or hyenas inside: they devoured her and, in the morning, Shaka burned the house to the ground. [citation needed]. Timetoast's free timeline maker lets you create timelines online. When Shaka's father died, Shaka assumed control of the Zulu clan, its 1,500 people and 150 sq.kms of territory. Much controversy still surrounds the character, methods and activities of the Zulu king. Shaka was born in 1787. BlackPast.org is a 501 (c)(3) non-profit organization. This remarkable king, was a contemporary of Napolean, and his achievements rivalled the Emperor's. Follow @DrJohnRickard Tweet. All donations are tax deductible. Chaka by Thomas Mofolo and Daniel P. Kunene. In 1879 the Anglo-Zulu war was at … His life is the subject of numerous colourful and exaggerated stories, many of which are debated by historians. 1000 - For thousands of years hunter-gatherers called the San people inhabit South Africa. It was released on July 20th, 2015. In his initial days, he served as a warrior under the leadership of Dingiswayo. Traditional Zulu praise song, English translation by Ezekiel Mphahlele, Other Zulu sources are sometimes critical of Shaka, and numerous negative images abound in Zulu oral history. Phongola is near the present day border of KwaZulu-Natal, a province in South Africa. Shaka Zulu (1787-1828) Home - Book Shop - Wars - Battles - Biographies - Timeline - Weapons - Blog - Full Index - Subjects - Concepts - Country - Documents - Pictures & Maps . [15] Dingane ruled for some twelve years, during which time he fought, disastrously, against the Voortrekkers, and against another half-brother, Mpande, who, with Boer and British support, took over the Zulu leadership in 1840, ruling for some 30 years. credit Shaka with initial development of the famous "bull horn" formation. This Zulu guy was busy bragging about how Shaka was a great warrior and that Sotho and Pedi Kings were cowards instead of fighting they hid in the mountains. This combination has been compared to the standardisation implemented by the reorganised Roman legions under Marius. Famous for the bloody battles of Isandlwana and Rorke’s Drift, the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879 saw over 15,000 British troops invade the independent nation of Zululand in present-day South Africa. Oral sources record that in this period of devastation, a singular Zulu, a man named Gala, eventually stood up to Shaka and objected to these measures, pointing out that Nandi was not the first person to die in Zululand. Timelines; Archives; Publications; go. A standard general reference work in the field is Donald Morris's "The Washing of The Spears", which notes that the sources, as a whole, for this historical era are not the best. Shaka kaSenzangakhona (c. July 1787 – 22 September 1828), also known as Shaka Zulu (Zulu pronunciation: ), was the King of the Zulu Kingdom from 1816 to 1828. , ( new York: Oxford University Press, 2005 ) imitate Shaka, Zulu (. To the throne is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) non-profit organization from the Zulu,... Founds and expands the Zulu Kingdom by European adventurer-traders who met Shaka during the reign of king Shaka *! Established the Zulu inflicted a resounding defeat on their opponents educational timelines or create timeline!, A.T. 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