gog magog wall

[45], The early Muslim traditions were summarised by Zakariya al-Qazwini (d. 1283) in two popular works called the Cosmography and the Geography. [k][86][87], Pseudo-Methodius (7th century[88]) is the first source in the Christian tradition for a new element: two mountains moving together to narrow the corridor, which was then sealed with a gate against Gog and Magog. Solid historical accounts point to Magog being Russia . Shall we pay you tribute if you build a barrier between us?’ He said, ‘What my Lord has established for me is better, but help me with labor. Their trial will cause much harm to the people of the earth. [o][94], Gog and Magog appear in somewhat later Old French versions of the romance. [p][96] In the verse Roman d'Alexandre, Branch III, of Lambert le Tort (c. 1170), Gog and Magog ("Gos et Margos", "Got et Margot") were vassals to Porus, king of India, providing an auxiliary force of 400,000 men. Gog and Magog are two names in the Bible that refer either to a person, Magog the grandson of Noah (Genesis 10), or Magog, the person that comes from the nation of Gog (Ezekiel 38—39), or to two hostile nations referred to as Gog and Magog (Revelation 20:7-8). Based on Rubruck stating elsewhere "There are other enclosures in which there are Jews", Simek, Rudolf (2005) "the emergence of the viking age: circumstances and conditions", "The vikings first Europeans VIII – XI century – the new discoveries of archaeology", other, pp. Over the next few centuries Jewish tradition changed Ezekiel's Gog from Magog into Gog and Magog. [q] Routed by Alexander, they escaped through a defile in the mountains of Tus (or Turs),[r] and were sealed by the wall erected there, to last until the advent of the Antichrist. [31], The Book of Jubilees, from about the same time, makes three references to either Gog or Magog: in the first, Magog is a descendant of Noah, as in Genesis 10; in the second, Gog is a region next to Japheth's borders; and in the third, a portion of Japheth's land is assigned to Magog. [53], According to Shia sources, Yajooj and Majooj are not from the Children of Adam (the human race). [46] They scratch at their wall each day until they almost break through. The prophet Ezekiel claims Magog’s descendants are from the far north, and will some day attack Israel. There’s a long-running tradition in the West and in the Middle East of a wall someplace far to the east that holds back the hideous forces of Gog and Magog. The chief interest inthem centers about two points: (1) the wall built by Dhu al-Ḳarnain (Alexander the Great) to shut them off from the rest of the world, and (2) their reappearance as a sign of the last day. There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His Messenger, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Principles of enjoining good and forbidding evil, Forty Hadith al-Nawawi in English and Arabic, Sexual consent, marriage, and concubines in Islam, Forty Hadith on Purification of the Heart, Showing love and affection to unbelievers, Al-Mundhiri on the five obligatory prayers, Al-Mundhiri on fasting from evil words and deeds. Josephus recounts the tradition that Gog and Magog were locked up by Alexander the Great behind iron gates in the "Caspian Mountains", generally identified with the Caucasus Mountains. According to the Greek version, Gog and Magog served the Belsyrians, whom Alexander fought them, "Tus" in Iran, near the Caspian south shore, known as, The idea that Gog and Magog were connected with the Goths was longstanding; in the mid-16th century, Archbishop of Uppsala, Riccoldo observed that the Mongol script resembled Chaldean (. [6] In modern times they remain associated with apocalyptic thinking, especially in Israel and the Muslim world. Biden: A Continuation of Obama’s Plan to Spark Gog/Magog War Through Iran. [v][118][128], The Flemish Franciscan friar William of Rubruck, who was first-hand witness to Alexander's supposed wall in Derbent on the shores of the Caspian Sea in 1254,[w] identified the people the walls were meant to fend off only vaguely as "wild tribes" or "desert nomads",[x][131] but one researcher made the inference Rubruck must have meant Jews,[y] and that he was speaking in the context of "Gog and Magog". [110][111], While the confounding Gog and Magog as confined Jews was becoming commonplace, some, like Riccoldo or Vincent de Beauvais remained skeptics, and distinguished the Lost Tribes from Gog and Magog. Gog of Magog and His Allies (Ezekiel 38-39) February 3-6 We come now to a remarkable prophecy, spanning chapters 38 and 39. Many historical documents suggest that their conquests of other territories was retaliation in response to the encroachment upon tribal lands by Christian missionaries, and perhaps by the Saxon Wars prosecuted by Charlemagne and his kin to the south. Then one day, as they stop scratching for the night, one will say tomorrow we will finish God Willing, and in the morning, it is not restored as with everything night. Say: Thus said the Lord: Behold, I am against you, Gog, the prince, leader of Meshech and Tubal ... Persia, Cush and Put will be with you ... also Gomer with all its troops, and Beth Togarmah from the far north with all its troops—the many nations with you. [113], Europeans in Medieval China reported findings from their travels to the Mongol Empire. [100][101][102] In the 13th-century French Roman d'Alexandre en prose, Alexander has an encounter with cannibals who have taken over the role of Gog and Magog. The names are mentioned together in Ezekiel chapter 38, where Gog is an individual and Magog is his land. Ya'juj Ma'juj (Gog & MaGog) and Zul-Qarnain Thousands of years ago, the barbarous tribes of Yajuj and Ma'juj were imprisoned behind an iron wall built by Zul-Qarnain. This requires a high level of mastery over the prophetic traditions to be able to notice such defects. The oldest manuscript is recension α. "[142], In the Islamic apocalyptic tradition, the end of the world would be preceded by the release of Gog and Magog, whose destruction by God in a single night would usher in the Day of Resurrection. Gog and Magog, in the Hebrew Bible, the prophesied invader of Israel and the land from which he comes, respectively; or, in the Christian Scriptures (New Testament), evil forces opposed to the people of God. He said, ‘Bring it to me that I will may molten copper over it.’ Thus, Gog and Magog were unable to pass over it, nor were they able to penetrate it. In Ezekiel 38, Gog is an individual and Magog is his land;[1] in Genesis 10 Magog is a man, but no Gog is mentioned; and centuries later Jewish tradition changed Ezekiel's "Gog from Magog" into "Gog and Magog",[2] which is the form in which they appear in the Christian New Testament's Book of Revelation, although there they are peoples rather than individuals.[3]. [6] Viking travellers and colonists were seen at many points in history as violent raiders. Hazrat Zulqarnian (A.S) went East, the people of East said to him, “In between these mountains, there is a nation called gog and magog, they look like animals. [133], In the early 19th century, some Hasidic rabbis identified the French invasion of Russia under Napoleon as "The War of Gog and Magog". [85] The legend claims that Alexander carved prophecies on the face of the Gate, marking a date for when these Huns, consisting of 24 nations, will breach the Gate and subjugate the greater part of the world. حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغَ بَيْنَ السَّدَّيْنِ وَجَدَ مِن دُونِهِمَا قَوْمًا لَّا يَكَادُونَ يَفْقَهُونَ قَوْلًا قَالُوا يَا ذَا الْقَرْنَيْنِ إِنَّ يَأْجُوجَ وَمَأْجُوجَ مُفْسِدُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَهَلْ نَجْعَلُ لَكَ خَرْجًا عَلَىٰ أَن تَجْعَلَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ سَدًّا قَالَ مَا مَكَّنِّي فِيهِ رَبِّي خَيْرٌ فَأَعِينُونِي بِقُوَّةٍ أَجْعَلْ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُمْ رَدْمًا آتُونِي زُبَرَ الْحَدِيدِ ۖ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا سَاوَىٰ بَيْنَ الصَّدَفَيْنِ قَالَ انفُخُوا ۖ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا جَعَلَهُ نَارًا قَالَ آتُونِي أُفْرِغْ عَلَيْهِ قِطْرًا فَمَا اسْطَاعُوا أَن يَظْهَرُوهُ وَمَا اسْتَطَاعُوا لَهُ نَقْبًا قَالَ هَٰذَا رَحْمَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّي ۖ فَإِذَا جَاءَ وَعْدُ رَبِّي جَعَلَهُ دَكَّاءَ ۖ وَكَانَ وَعْدُ رَبِّي حَقًّا, Until when he reached a pass between two mountains, he found people who could hardly understand his words. [5] Many contemporary Muslim historians and geographers regarded the Vikings as the emergence of Gog and Magog. They said, ‘O Dhul Qarnayn, Gog and Magog are causing corruption in the land. [140] US President George W. Bush, in the prelude to the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, Bush told French President Jacques Chirac, "Gog and Magog are at work in the Middle East." Their trial will cause much harm to the people of the earth. He agrees to build it for them, but warns that when the time comes (Last Age), Allah will remove the barrier. "[141] Officials from the Bush Administration claim there is no record of this conversation and that making such references, "doesn't sound at all like Bush. [j][84] Written by a Christian based in Mesopotamia, the Legend is considered the first work to connect the Gates with the idea that Gog and Magog are destined to play a role in the apocalypse. [1] Efforts have been made to identify him with various individuals, notably Gyges, a king of Lydia in the early 7th century BC, but many scholars do not believe he is related to any historical person. [137][138], Some post-Cold War millenarians still identify Gog with Russia, but they now tend to stress its allies among Islamic nations, especially Iran. [s][97][98] Branch IV of the poetic cycle tells that the task of guarding Gog and Magog, as well as the rule of Syria and Persia was assigned to Antigonus, one of Alexander's successors. [1], In Genesis 10 Magog is a person, son of Japheth son of Noah, but no Gog is mentioned. It will not be the first time they have emerged. When he was traveling the world, he imprisoned the gog and magog behind a very thick wall of Iron,wood and coal. Alexander's prayer caused the mountains to move nearer, making the pass narrower, facilitating his building his gate. [m][93] In the latest and longest Greek version[n] are described the Unclean Nations, which include the Goth and Magoth as their kings, and whose people engage in the habit of eating worms, dogs, human cadavers and fetuses. A condensed account occurs in a derivative work, the Middle English King Alisaunder (vv. [1] The meaning of the name Gog remains uncertain, and in any case, the author of the Ezekiel prophecy seems to attach no particular importance to it. Al-Kafi, one of their primary collections of ahadith, states that it has been narrated from Ibn Abbas that when he asked Ali about the "creatures", he responded by saying God has created "1,200 species on the land, 1,200 species in the sea, 70 species from the Children of Adam and the people are the Children of Adam except for the Yajooj and Majooj". [36], The anti-Roman Bar Kokhba revolt in the 2nd century AD looked to a human leader as the promised messiah, but after its failure Jews began to conceive of the messianic age in supernatural terms: first would come a forerunner, the Messiah ben Joseph, who would defeat Israel's enemies, identified as Gog and Magog, to prepare the way for the Messiah ben David;[g] then the dead would rise, divine judgement would be handed out, and the righteous would be rewarded. It is believed that their appearance includes small eyes and red hair. pointed out that a hole was already struck or made by the people of Gog Magog during the later Medinian life of Prophet Saws itself , so it could be possible within a matter of few centuries from there ( 622 to 632 AD ) the wall of Gog Magog has been pierced totally and its pure Iron and copper has already been looted extracted as we see the Tubal tribes of Georgia and the near by tribes around the Ural, … The Quran also describes the righteous ruler Dhul al-Qarnayn as building a wall to prevent them from emerging. [116][117][118] Marco Polo, traveling when the initial terror had subsided, places Gog and Magog among the Tartars in Tenduc, but then claims that the names Gog and Magog are translations of the place-names Ung and Mungul, inhabited by the Ung and Mongols respectively. [136] During the Cold War the idea that Soviet Russia had the role of Gog gained popularity, since Ezekiel's words describing him as "prince of Meshek"—rosh meshek in Hebrew—sounded suspiciously like Russia and Moscow. They are the counterparts of Gog and Magog in the Hebrew Bible and the Christian New Testament. [68], The 1st-century Jewish historian Josephus identified the Gog and Magog people as Scythians, horse-riding barbarians from around the Don and the Sea of Azov. Every man’s sword will be against his brother. The legend of Gog and Magog and the gates was also interpolated into the Alexander romances. The History Press Ltd, 2005. [aa][132], The author of the Travels of Sir John Mandeville, a 14th-century best-seller, said he had found these Jews in Central Asia where as Gog and Magog they had been imprisoned by Alexander, plotting to escape and join with the Jews of Europe to destroy Christians. What's north of Jerusalem, Israel? Ibn ‘Ashur commented on this tradition, writing: وَلَا يُعْرَفُ بِالضَّبْطِ وَقْتُ انْطِلَاقِهِمْ مِنْ بِلَادِهِمْ وَلَا سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ وَيُقَدَّرُ أَنَّ انْطِلَاقَهُمْ كَانَ أَوَاخِرَ الْقَرْنِ السَّادِسِ الْهِجْرِيِّ وَتَشَتَّتُ مُلْكِ الْعَرَبِ بِأَيْدِي الْمَغُولِ وَالتَّتَرِ مِنْ خُرُوجِ جَنْكِيزْ خَانَ الْمَغُولِيِّ وَاسْتِيلَائِهِ عَلَى بُخَارَى سَنَةَ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ وَسِتِّمَائَةٍ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ. They ask his help because “Yajuj and Majuj are wreaking mischief in the land”. [23] "Why the prophet's gaze should have focused on these particular nations is unclear," comments Biblical scholar Daniel I. Rabbi Schwartz then referred to a verse in Ezekiel that prophesied about the heads of the pre-Messiah war of Gog and Magog. Indeed, there is evidence from the Sunnah that the wall was already beginning to crumble in the time of the Prophet (ṣ). [135] This has not been the case in the United States, where a 2002 poll indicated that 59% of Americans believed the events predicted in the Book of Revelation would come to pass. 24–25, Bruno Dumézil, master of Conference at Paris X–Nanterre, Normalien, aggregated history, author of conversion and freedom in the barbarian kingdoms. Success comes from Allah, and Allah knows best. In one version, "Goth and Magoth" are kings of the Unclean Nations, driven beyond a mountain pass by Alexander, and blocked from returning by his new wall. Corrosion is metal’s property called oxidation. Gog and Magog are said to engage in human cannibalism in the romances and derived literature. Magog is the “chief prince” (or most prominent) of his brothers, Meshech and Tubal. Rubruck refers Derbent as the "Iron Gate", this also being the meaning of the Turkish name (Demir kapi) for the town. [e][21] Of Gog's allies, Meshech and Tubal were 7th-century BC kingdoms in central Anatolia north of Israel, Persia towards east, Cush (Ethiopia) and Put (Libya) to the south; Gomer is the Cimmerians, a nomadic people north of the Black Sea, and Beth Togarmah was on the border of Tubal. They asked for him to defend them. [11] An example of this combined form in Hebrew (Gog u-Magog) has been found, but its context is unclear, being preserved only in a fragment of the Dead Sea Scrolls. It is not known exactly what time they would be released from their lands, nor the cause of it. In one version, "Goth and Magothy" are kings of the Unclean Nations, driven beyond a mountain pass by Alexander, and blocked from returning by his new wall. [139] For the most fervent, the countdown to Armageddon began with the return of the Jews to Israel, followed quickly by further signs pointing to the nearness of the final battle—nuclear weapons, European integration, Israel's reunification of Jerusalem in the Six Day War in 1967, and America's wars in Afghanistan and the Persian Gulf. Bush is said to have continued, "This confrontation is willed by God, who wants to use this conflict to erase His people's enemies before a new age begins. He cites Ibn Kathir, who said that it contradicts the Quran: وإسناده جيد قوي ولكن متنه في رفعه نكارة لان ظاهر الآية يقتضي أنهم لم يتمكنوا من ارتقائه ولا من نقبه لإحكام بنائه وصلابته وشدته ولكن هذا قد روي عن كعب الأحبار … ولعل أبا هريرة تلقاه من كعب فانه كان كثيراً ما كان يجالسه ويحدثه فحدث به أبو هريرة فتوهم بعض الرواة عنه انه مرفوع فرفعه والله اعلم. Beneath Earth. An opening has been made today in the barrier Gog and Magog like this. Also "barbarous nations", "savage tribes". Hazrat Zulqarnian (A.S) traveled from East to West and North to South. He believed in Allah as the one and only god. In the 9th and 10th centuries these kingdoms were identified by some with the lands of the Khazars, a Turkic people who had converted to Judaism and whose empire dominated Central Asia–the 9th-century monk Christian of Stavelot referred to Gazari, said of the Khazars that they were "living in the lands of Gog and Magog" and noted that they were "circumcised and observing all [the laws of] Judaism". [110][111] Arab traveler ibn Fadlan also reported of this belief, writing around 921 he recorded that "Some hold the opinion that Gog and Magog are the Khazars". Anyone who reads the story of Dhu’l-Qarnayn and how he dealt with this nation in Soorat al-Kahf will know for sure that they exist and that the barrier which was built is not metaphorical or imaginary, but is a physical barrier built of iron and melted copper. The Prophet made a circle with this thumb and finger. [7] Alternatively, Gog may be derived from Magog rather than the other way round, and "Magog" may be code for Babylon. "[20], Internal evidence indicates that the Gog oracle was composed substantially later than the chapters around it. [104], The Gog and Magog are not only human flesh-eaters, but illustrated as men "a notably beaked nose" in examples such as the "Henry of Mainz map", an important example of mappa mundi. Gog and Magog, or Yajuj and Majuj among the Arabs, are mentioned in the Koran and by most Arabic geographers as more or less mythical peoples. Shaykh al-Sa’di wrote a treatise on this topic specifically, saying: أن انفتاح يأجوج ومأجوج وخروجهم الابتدائي قد وقع وحصل منهم الإفساد في الأرض على الناس عموماً وعلى المسلمين والعرب خصوصاً كفتنة التتار في المشرق وغزوات المجار في بلاد أوربه وأن خروجهم في آخر الزمان الموصوف في حديث النواس بن سمعان بعد فتنة المسيح الدجال لا يدل على أنهم لم يخرجوا قبل ذلك إذ المراد بالخروج التحول من محل إلى محلٍ آخر وليس ابتداء الخروج. The Great Wall of China or Gog and Magog wall? The first of them would pass the lake of Tiberias and drink out of it. Some people interpret Dhul al-Qarnayn’s prediction of the wall collapsing as the emergence of Gog and Magog near the end of time. The conflation of Gog and Magog with the legend of Alexander and the Iron Gates was disseminated throughout the Near East in the early centuries of the Christian and Islamic era. One of the signs of the Hour to occur near the end of time is the emergence of two powerful nations known as Gog and Magog (Ya’juj wa Ma’juj). [107][u] The Byzantine writer Procopius said it was the Huns Alexander had locked out, and a Western monk named Fredegar seems to have Gog and Magog in mind in his description of savage hordes from beyond Alexander's gates who had assisted the Byzantine emperor Heraclius (610–641) against the Muslim Saracens. According to Sahih Muslim, the Prophet said: Like Gog and Magog, and Alexander the Great, a great wall in China was well-known about 2200 years ago. So Alexander built a wall to hold out the wicked peoples. The gates were a popular subject in medieval travel literature, starting with the Alexander Romance in a version from perhaps the 7th century. Referred to in the Qur'an in Surah Al-Kahf, Zul-Qarnain was a pious and just king. Composed between the 4th and 2nd centuries BC. The wall of Darial Pass which is between Gorgia and southern Russia in the Caucasus mountain range. The Quran also describes the righteous ruler Dhul al-Qarnayn as building a wall to prevent them from emerging. The Septuagint reads "Agag" instead of "Gog" in Numbers 24:7. [115], In fact, Gog and Magog were held by the Mongol to be their ancestors, at least by some segment of the population. Twentieth-century scholars have used the term to denote the eschaton in a malleable sense, not necessarily meaning final days, or tied to the Apocalypse. [106] After the Empire became Christian, Ambrose (d. 397) identified Gog with the Goths, Jerome (d. 420) with the Scythians, and Jordanes (died c. 555) said that Goths, Scythians and Amazons were all the same; he also cited Alexander's gates in the Caucasus. [40] The rabbis associated no specific nation or territory with them beyond a location to the north of Israel,[41] but the great Jewish scholar Rashi identified the Christians as their allies and said God would thwart their plan to kill all Israel. A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: This page was last edited on 26 November 2020, at 08:29. One of them says: Go back and we will dig tomorrow. The name Magog is equally obscure, but may come from the Assyrian mat-Gugu, "Land of Gyges", i.e., Lydia. [19], "Son of man, direct your face against Gog, of the land of Magog, the prince, leader of Meshech and Tubal, and prophesy concerning him. Although biblical references to Gog and Magog are relatively few, they assumed an important [119][120], An explanation offered by Orientalist Henry Yule was that Marco Polo was only referring to the "Rampart of Gog and Magog", a name for the Great Wall of China. In number they are like the sand on the seashore. Its chain is very good and strong, but there is a defect in its content because the verse apparently necessitates that they did not have power to overcome its elevation, nor penetrate it, due to the perfection of its foundation, firmness, and strength. [a][8][9][10], The form "Gog and Magog" may have emerged as shorthand for "Gog and/of the land of Magog", based on their usage in the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. [72][73] These powers cannot be defeated through military force and are to be overcome through prayer and divine intervention. [5] Dhul-Qarnayn, having journeyed to the ends of the world, meets "a people who scarcely understood a word" who seek his help in building a barrier that will separate them from the people of Yajuj and Majuj who "do great mischief on earth". [22] The confederation thus represents a multinational alliance surrounding Israel. The opening of Gog and Magog and their first emergence has already happened, and they caused corruption on the earth against people generally, and against Muslims and Arabs specifically, such as the trials of the Tartars, in the east, and the battles in European lands. [145], Pair of individuals, peoples, or lands in the Bible and the Qur'an, For the Gog and Magog statues in London, see. The wall has long been destroyed, even though these powerful nations still have yet to reappear at the end of time. The word of Hashem came to me:and say: O mortal, turn your face toward Gog of the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal. Woe to the Arabs from an evil drawing near! [f][26] Still, the Utopia of chapters 40–48 can be spoken of in the parlance of "true eschatological character, given that it is a product of "cosmic conflict" described in the immediately preceding Gog chapters.[27]. Yet he warned that Allah would remove the wall in the end times. GOG AND MAGOG WERE WILD TRIBES: They behaved like animals and formed chaos for the Turks … [83][i], In the Syriac Alexander Legend dating to 629–630, Gog (Syriac: ܓܘܓ‎, gwg) and Magog (Syriac: ܡܓܘܓ‎ܵ, mgwg) appear as kings of Hunnish nations. [99], Gog and Magog also appear in Thomas de Kent's Roman de toute chevalerie (c. 1180), where they are portrayed as cave-dwellers who consume human flesh. [143] Reinterpretation did not generally continue after Classical times, but the needs of the modern world have produced a new body of apocalyptic literature in which Gog and Magog are identified as Communist Russia and China. There is no doubt that Ya’jooj and Ma’jooj are two huge nations of the sons of Adam. It is God's message to Gog of Magog and his allies, who dwell far to the north of the Promised Land and of Ezekiel's place of exile in Babylon but will one day come down into the land of Israel with a vast invasion force. [25], Although the prophecy refers to Gog as an enemy in some future, it is not clear if the confrontation is meant to occur in a final "end of days" since the Hebrew term aḥarit ha-yamim (Hebrew: אחרית הימים‎) may merely mean "latter days", and is open to interpretation. The Gates of Alexander was a legendary barrier supposedly built by Alexander the Great in the Caucasus to keep the uncivilized barbarians of the north (typically associated with Gog and Magog ) from invading the land to the south. Then a people whom Allah had protected from him (dajjal) would come to Isa, son of Maryam (alaihimas salam), and he would wipe their faces and would inform them of their ranks in Paradise and it would be under such conditions that Allah would reveal to Isa (alaihis salam) these words: I have brought forth from amongst My servants such people against whom none would be able to fight; you take these people safely to Tur, and then Allah would send Gog and Magog and they would swarm down from every slope. [42], Two chapters Al Kahf and Al-Anbiya of the Quran discuss Gog and Magog. [t][28], Early Christian writers (e.g. The 3rd book of the Sibylline Oracles, for example, which originated in Egyptian Judaism in the middle of the 2nd century BC,[29] changes Ezekiel's "Gog from Magog" to "Gog and Magog", links their fate with up to eleven other nations, and places them "in the midst of Aethiopian rivers"; this seems a strange location, but ancient geography did sometimes place Ethiopia next to Persia or even India. [68][69][70][71] Ahmadiyya exegeses draw upon the etymological connection of the Arabic cognate Yaʾjūj wa-Maʾjūj with the underlying themes of blazing fire, hastiness and boiling water to what is viewed as the superlative industrial use of fire and steam by these peoples and to their restless political character. [17], The Book of Ezekiel records a series of visions received by the prophet Ezekiel, a priest of Solomon's Temple, who was among the captive during the Babylonian exile. The story originates in the Bible, continues through an ancient history, and winds up in its final version in the Koran and in fictional tales of Alexander the Great. That depiction creates an additional dimension in the relationship between Dhū’l-Qarnayn and Alexander the Great. Allah knows best. Source: Aḥādīth Mu’allah Ẓāhiruhā al-Ṣiḥḥah 1/427. [z][127] Confined Jews were later to be referred to as "Red Jews" (die roten Juden) in German-speaking areas; a term first used in a Holy Grail epic dating to the 1270s, in which Gog and Magog were two mountains enclosing these people. It is said that when other powerful nations will come to an end, the Chinese will rise and invade the whole world, eating humans. Magog was a grandson of Noah, one of the sons of Japheth (Genesis 10:2). However, other scholars interpreted this prediction as an event that has already occurred. At one point, it was the Turks, who threatened Baghdad and northern Iran;[48] later, when the Mongols destroyed Baghdad in 1258, it was they who were Gog and Magog. This makes sense in light of Gog coming from the "far north." [105] Gog and Magog caricaturised as figures with hooked noses on a miniature depicting their attack of the Holy City, found in a manuscript of the Apocalypse in Anglo-Norman. [121] Friar André's placement of Gog and Magog far east of Mongolia has been similarly explained. The creature on top of the wall has two horns. The wall has already been destroyed and Gog and Magog went through it, while they and their predecessors will emerge again one last time before the Hour. [18] Even some Russians took up the idea, apparently unconcerned by the implications ("Ancestors were found in the Bible, and that was enough"), as did Ronald Reagan. Restores it their lands, nor the cause of it, 2005 ), `` Royal... 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